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Friday, October 31, 2008

SPLIT AND JOIN FILES

We have a file which size is too big to save in USB Flash drive.
To split it to be a small size so its fit to store in USB is easy in linux platform, use "split" command which has been bundled in GNU Coreutils.

1. As example, we have an iso file (ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso) which size is 699 Mb
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# ls -alh
total 700M
-rwx------ 1 bearisusanto root 700M 2008-06-02 03:22 ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso

2. Before doing split process, first make MD5 file from ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso for ensuring that there is not a change for the file when its join again
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# md5sum ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso > MD5SUM.txt
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# cat MD5SUM.txt
8895167a794c5d8dedcc312fc62f1f1f ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso

3. For splitting ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso to be a file which the size maximal 400Mb for each file, we type the command
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# split -d -b 400m ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso.part

4. If we check in the directory, there is two 2 which is the result from splitting process
-rwx------ 1 bearisusanto root 700M 2008-06-02 03:22 ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 400M 2008-10-31 23:13 ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso.part00
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300M 2008-10-31 23:13 ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso.part01

5. To join the two file to be one file as the same with the original file, we use "cat" command but the original have to be deleted first.
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# rm ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# cat ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso.part00 ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso.part01 > ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso

6. For ensuring that there is no difference with the original file, we have to validate with using MD5SUM.txt which have made for the first time.
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/test# md5sum -c MD5SUM.txt
ubuntu-8.04-desktop-i386.iso: OK

Wednesday, October 29, 2008

Speed up ubuntu boot process

Source : http://ubuntuforums.org/

This HowTo is for those who complaint ubuntu boot-up speed is pretty slow but not willing to install any alternative tools to speed up. The way I use here is not the altimate solution by any means but it does make differences and it does work. Everything done below is by tuning the boot process itself and because everyone's computer might be different, there is a little risk that something below might break your system. Take your own judgment before you perform a change and always good to do a backup for the /etc dir.

**This HowTo is mainly for laptops and desktops, not for servers.**

Due to Ubuntu Edgy Eft (6.10) is using upstart to manage the init process and it already has reducing boot time built in mind, many things have been changed. This thread is mainly for any ubuntu version older than 6.10. For how to customize upstart, please refer to upstart threads in this forum. The following is a very interesting and useful WiKi on how to further speed up the boot process by taking out some useless bootup/shutdown processes...

wiki.ubuntu.com/Teardown

Suggestions for this HowTo:
1. I hope you learn something from here but not just a simple copy. So please, **DO NOT** follow exactly what I did and copy to your box. Read the descriptions of services and use your own judgment to determine if you need to keep them on or not. For instance, I turned GDM off on mine to boot to console, but if you do not feel confortable to see console at all, you should keep GDM or KDM on to boot directly to GUI.
2. If you have a question about a boot up service and not really sure what it does, post a question here and see if anybody can help you. Ask before you do if you don't know. The bottom line to be safe is to leave a service on rather than turn it off if you do not understand.
3. If you see a boot up service that you have but not in here, let us know what it does just like what I did here - give some descriptions and suggestions on whether it should be on or off on a normal laptop or desktop environment.


I. Install a tool - sysv-rc-conf. It is a perl based boot process adjustment tool.
Code:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-conf
It gives you a way to esaily config the boot process and runlevel configuration, but its not necessary if you want to do it manually by linking/unlinking the files... Its up to you.

II. Ok, that's all we need. Now let's fire it up by
Code:
sudo sysv-rc-conf
and analyze each service one by one. **Note:** Some services I have here you might not have, perfectly ok. If some you have but I don't, then you will need to investigate on your own or ask here... But this HowTo should cover most of them...

Throw a littel bit of runlevel knowledge here before we start messing them up.... All the boot processes are executed in sequence as following:
runlevel S: the first runlevel in boot process. /etc/init.d/rcS script will be invoked to start and all the processes underneath /etc/rcS.d will be executed.
runlevel 1: the single user mode. All processes underneath /etc/rc1.d will be executed.
runlevel 2,3,4,5: in debain system, the multi-user env, may not may not include GUI. The same, processes under each of the corresponding dirs will be run. **Note** this is different than RedHat, SuSE, and other RPM based systems.
runlevel 0: computer shutdown.
runlevel 6: computer reboot.

ok, back to sysv-rc-conf:

1. acpi-support - You'd better leave it on the default runlevel. The default is 2,3,4,5.
2. acpid - The acpi daemon. These two are for power management, quite important for laptop and desktop computers, so leave them on. The default is 2,3,4,5
3. alsa - If you use alsa sound subsystem, yes leave it on. But if you have the service below, its safe to be off. The default is off when alsa-utils is on.
4. alsa-utils - On my system, this service supercedes the alsa, so I turn off the alsa and turn this on at S level. **Note**, I mean "turn off" is to remove all "X" at all runlevels. If you don't have it on your system, no problem. Just keep going. The default is S runlevel.
5. anacron - A cron subsystem that executes any cron jobs not being executed when the time is on. Most likely you've probably turned your computer off when a certain cron job time is ready. For example, updatedb is scheduled at 2am everyday, but at that moment, you computer is off, then if anacron service is on, it will try to catch up that updatedb cron... I turn it off cause it didn't turn my laptop off very offen, but its totally up to you for this one. The default is 2,3,4,5
6. apmd - This is the one that confused me a quite bit. I have acpid on already and what's the benefits of having apmd on too? If you computer is not that old which can't even support acpi, then you may try to turn this off. I did anyway. The default is 2,3,4,5
7. atd - like cron, a job scheduler. I turned it off. The default is 2,3,4,5
8. binfmt-support - Kernel supports other format of binary files. I left it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
9. bluez-utiles - I turned it off. I don't have any bluetooth devices. The default is 2,3,4,5
10. bootlogd - Leave it on. The default is S.
11. cron - Leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
12. cupsys - subsystem to manager your printer. I don't have so I turned it off, but if you do, just leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
13. dbus - Message bus system. Very important, leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
14. dns-clean - Mainly for cleaning up the dns info when using dial-up connection. I don't use dial up, so I turn it off. The default is S.
15. evms - Enterprise Volumn Management system. I turned it off. The default is S.
16. fetchmail - A mail receving daemon. I turned it off. The default is 2,3,4,5
17. gdm - The gnome desktop manager. I turned it off anyway since I get use to boot to console first. This is up to you if you want to boot directly to GUI. The default is 2,3,4,5
18. gdomap - Actually I have no idea why this one should on. I didn't see any other systems have this daemon, so I turned it off and I don't feel I lose anything. Any benefits to have it on a loptop or desktop? The default is 2,3,4,5
19. gpm - Mouse support for console. If you feel you'd better have a mouse on console, go turn it on at runlevel 1 and 2. That's all you need. The default is 2,3,4,5
20. halt - Don't change it. The default is 0.
21. hdparm - tuning harddisk script. I removed the 2,3,4,5 runlevel but add it to S runlevel. I feel that opening DMA, 32bit I/O, etc eariler will benefit the rest of the processes. Also I changed the original script to a very simple one that I made myself. I feel useless to put all those redundant checks if I know what I am doing. The configuration file is /etc/hdparm.conf. The default is 2,3,4,5
22. hibernate - If your system support hibernate, leave it on. Otherwise, its useless for you. The default is S.
23. hotkey-setup - This daemon setup some hotkey mappings for Laptop. Manufacturers supported are: HP, Acer, ASUS, Sony, Dell, and IBM. If you have a laptop in those brands, you can leave it on, otherwise, this might not have any benefits for you. The default is 2,3,4,5
24. hotplug and hotplug-net #activating hotplug subsystems takes time. I'd consider to turn them off. I did some changes in my /etc/network/interfaces file. Instead of mapping my wireless card during hotplug process, I set it up to auto. So I can turn them off. I've tested even I turned them off, ubuntu can still detect my usb driver, my digital camera, etc. So I think its pretty safe to turn them off. **Note** If you find your sound card doesn't work after turning hotplug service off, you can turn it back. Or edit /etc/modules file to add your sound card's driver module. Tested out the later one is faster. The default is S.
25. hplip - HP printing and Image subsystem. I turned it off. The default is S.
26. ifrename - network interface rename script. Sounds pretty neat but I turned it off. Mainly for managing multiple network interfaces names. Since I have a wireless card and an ethernet card, they all assigned eth0 and ath0 from kernel, so its not really useful for me. The default is S.
27. ifupdown and ifupdown-clean - Leave it on. They are network interfaces activation scripts for the boot time. ifupdown default is 0,6,S and ifupdown-clean is S.
28. inetd or inetd.real - take a look your /etc/inetd.conf file and comment out any services that you don't need. If there aren't any services there, then its very safe to turn them off. The default is 2,3,4,5
29. klogd - Leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
30. laptop-mode - A service to tweak the battery utilization when using laptops. You can leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
31. linux-restricted-modules-common - You need to see if you really have any restricted modules loaded on your system. Since I need madwifi ath_pci module, so I left it on. The restricted modules can be found from /lib/linux-restricted-modules. If you find that you are not using any of the restricted modules, then its ok to turn it off. The default is 0,6, and S.
32. lvm - I don't use it so I turned it off. Leave it on if you *DO* have lvm. The default is S.
33. makedev - Leave it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
34. mdamd - Raid management tool. I don't use it so I turned it off. The default is 2,3,4,5
35. mdamd-raid - Raid tool. If you don't have Raid devices, turn it off. The default is S.
36. module-init-tools - Load extra modules from /etc/modules file. You can investigate your /etc/modules file and see if there is any modules that you don't need. Normally, this is turned on. The default is S.
37. mountvirtfs - mount virtual filesystems. Leave it on. The default is S.
38. networking - bring up network interfaces and config dns info during boot time by scaning /etc/network/interfaces file. Leave it on. The default is 0,6,S
39. ntpdate - Sync time with the ubuntu time server. The default is S. QUOTED: "If you are dual-booting with Windows, it is probably a good idea to leave ntpdate on. Windows can only deal with the hardware clock set to local (not UTC) and Linux needs ntpdate to correct this, otherwise your clock will increase an hour everytime you boot into Linux from Windows." Thanks dejitarob for the update!! I don't have dual boot, so I turned it off, but if you have multiple systems, suggestion is to turn it on.
40. nvidia-kernel - I compiled the nvidia driver by myself, so its useless for me now. If you use the ubuntu nvidia driver from the restrict modules, just leave it on. The default is 1,2,3,4,5
41. pcmcia - Active pcmcia device. I changed it to start on 0,6,S runlevel instead of on each 2,3,4,5 cause I feel its better to have hardware device ready at first. Also, useless if you are using desktop which doesn't have pcmcia card. So in that case, turn it off please. The default is 2,3,4,5
42. portmap - daemon for managing services like nis, nfs, etc. If your laptop or desktop is a pure client, then turn it off. The default is 2,3,4,5,0,6,S
43. powernowd - client to manage cpufreq. Mainly for laptops that support CPU speed stepping technology. Normally, you should leave it on if you are configuring a laptop, but for desktop, it might be useless. The default is 2,3,4,5
44. ppp and ppp-dns - Useless to me. I don't have dial-up. The default for ppp is 2,3,4,5 and pppd-dns is S.
45. readahead - **Thanks mr_pouit!** It seems readahead is a kind of "preloader". It loads at startup some libs on memory, so that some programs will start faster. But it increases startup time for about 3-4 seconds. So, you can keep it... or not . **update**, I tested and I just didn't feel difference loading programs. So I decided to turn it off. If you have a reason to keep it on, please do so. The default is S
46. reboot - Don't change it. The default is 6
47. resolvconf - Automatically configuring DNS info according to your network status. I left it on. The default is S.
48. rmnologin - Remove nologin if it finds it. It wouldn't happen on my laptop, so I got rid of it. The default is 2,3,4,5
49. rsync - rsync daemon. I don't use it on my laptop, so turned it off. The default is 2,3,4,5
50. sendsigs - send signals during reboot or shutdown. Leave it as it is. The default is 0,6
51. single - Active single user mode. Leave it as it is. The default is 1
52. ssh - ssh daemon. I need this so I turned it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
53. stop-bootlogd - stop bootlogd from 2,3,4,5 runlevel. Leave it as it is. The default is 2,3,4,5
54. sudo - check sudo stauts. I don't see any good to run it everytime on a laptop or desktop client, so I turned it off. The default is S
55. sysklogd - Leave it as it is. The default is 2,3,4,5
56. udev and udev-mab - Userspace dev filesystem. Good stuff, I left them on. The defaults are all S runlevels.
57. umountfs - Leave it as it is. The default is 0,6
58. urandom - Random number generator. Might not useful but I left it on. The default is 0,6,S
59. usplash - Well, if you really want to see the nice boot up screen, leave it as it is. I just turned it off anyway. If you want to turn it off, you also need to edit /boot/grub/menu. lst file to comment out the splashimage line and get rid of the splash kernel boot option. The default is 2,3,4,5
60. vbesave - video card BIOS configuration tool. Its able to save your video card status. I left it on. The default is 2,3,4,5
61. xorg-common - setup X server ICE socket. I moved it from starting at runlevel S to runlevel 2,3,4,5. Since I don't need this if I boot to single user mode. This way it wouldn't occupy time during the initial booting. The default is 2,3,4,5
============ My bootup services end up here============

============ Some services from others================
62. adjtimex - This is a kernel hw clock time adjusting too. Normally, you shouldn't see this on your boot up list. In very rare case if you do see its on your boot up process, then there might be a reason why it is on, so better leave it that way. In my case, it is off.
63. dirmngr - A certification lists management tool. Work with gnupg. You will have to see if you need it or not. In my case, I turned it off. Default runlevel 2,3,4,5
64. hwtools - A tool to optimize irqs. Not sure what's the benefits of turning it on. In my case, I turned it off.
65. libpam-devperm - A daemon to fix device files permissions after a system crash. Sounds pretty good, so I left it on.
66. lm-sensors - If you matherboard has builtin some sensor chips, it might be helpful to see hw status via userspace. I ran it and it said "No sensors found", so I turned it off.
67. screen-cleanup - A script to cleanup the boot up screen. Well, turn on or off is up to you. In my case, I left it on. The default is S
68. xinetd - A inetd super daemon to manage other damons. In my system, the xinetd is managing chargen, daytime, echo and time (find them from /etc/xinetd.d dir), I care none of them, so I turned it off. If you do have some important services configured under xinetd, then leave it on.

III. Alter the /etc/inittab file
Code:
vi /etc/inittab
then comment out tty4,tty5, and tty6. Just leave tty1, tty2, and tty3. Three vts should be enough for a laptop or desktop user. Save the file.

IV. Ok, now, we can reboot our box and see how it goes. From what I've tested, before I got tons of services stopped, the whole process is about 85 secs to 90 secs to boot to console. (At that time, I also has samba and nfs services turned on which I shouldn't. Apparently, I turned them off too). After this change, the whole boot up process took about 50 secs. I have a P4M 1.8G CPU laptop. Some of the high-end desktops or laptops should take even less time.

**UPDATE**: speed up/clean system reboot or shutdown process.
1. start sysv-rc-conf by issuing:
Code:
sudo sysv-rc-conf
2. ok, open your eyes and look very carefully for those SERVICES THAT DO NOT HAVE A "X" ON ANY RUNLEVELS (Any runlevel means 1,2,3,4,5,6, and S), write them down one by one. Don't make mistakes here. Double check after you've done. Thanks ice60 for wording recommendation!
3. quit sysv-rc-conf.
4.
Code:
cd /etc/rc0.d
- This is for the system shutdown process.
5. ok, now,
Code:
 ls K*
will list all links starting from UPPERCASE letter "K". Compare with your list, change each of the filename containing the service name in your list to start from a lowercase "k". For example, in your list, you have ppp service (which means ppp is turned off at all runlevels), then you can do like:
Code:
sudo mv K00ppp k00ppp
. You just change the UPPERCASE K to lowercase k, keep the rest the same. Do this on all of the services in your list.
6.
Code:
cd ../rc6.d
- This is for the system reboot process.
7. ok, you should see similar things here too. So do the same thing here as you did on rc0.d.
8. Now, you reboot and shutdown process should be cleaned up and faster.

The explanation for what you did is pretty simple. The /etc/rc and /etc/rcS scripts run start on each link on each runlevel by scaning if it is starting with a UPPERCASE "S" and run stop on each by scaning if it is starting with a UPPERCASE "K". So for reboot and shutdown runlevels, the most thing we care is the "K" links cause for those services not running on all runlevels, its just not needed to stop them. They are not runing at all. If some day you want to turn some of the services back on, just change the lowercase "k" to UPPERCASE "K". That's all.

Anyway, it is not intend to work on servers, but I did try on one of my servers has 2.7G P4 and 1.5G mem. It brought the boot process down to 31 secs. I calc'ed it with my watch. Besides, this is with my ftp server and nfs server started on boot time.

**Note**
For all of those that having HAL failure problem, try this:
1. change acpi-support from S to 2,3,4,5
2. change acpid from S to 2,3,4,5
3. change dbus from S to 2,3,4,5
4. Reboot. Go to the console and do
Code:
ps -aef|grep hald
. If hald service is up, then your dbus subsystem is running fine now. Try it.

Update Linux Kernel Image

The kernel is the core of the operating system. It's primary functions are controlling execution of processes, handling memory management, providing a filesystem, and providing a portable interface through which programs may communicate with hardware.

A kernel image is a compiled and usually compressed & self-extracting kernel (generally with the name of bzImage). In the linux distributions, it is copied from /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/ to /boot .

The uncompiled kernel source can be obtained from [1] in .tar.gz or tar.bze format . To compile the system one uses "make xconfig" in XWindows environment and later make dep; make clean; make bzImage; to compile the modules make modules make modules_install.

The kernel image is booted changing [Lilo] /etc/lilo.conf :

  • image=/boot/X.X.XX
  • label=KernelX.X.XX8
  • read-only
  • alias=2
We have to update this image kernel in order to improve performance and the compatibility with new device. To update this image kernel, we can use Synaptic Package Manager (System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager) or from terminal using "sudo apt-get update".

After update, we could not use this new image kernel automatically. We have to edit menu.lst in /boot/grub so when booting we could use new kernel image

Before :

title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-9083-7d332e282f6c ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic
quiet

title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-9083-7d332e282f6c ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic

After:

title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-21-generic
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-21-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-9083-7d332e282f6c ro quiet splash
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-21-generic
quiet

title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-9083-7d332e282f6c ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic

title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-9083-7d332e282f6c ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic

Friday, October 24, 2008

Add "Now Playing" Status Message to Pidgin with MusicTracker

Windows/Linux only: The MusicTracker plug-in for Pidgin displays music you're currently listening to on your computer as your status message with the free, open source chat application, Pidgin. MusicTracker supports any of your Pidgin accounts (e.g., AIM, Gtalk, Yahoo, etc.) and a wide range of music players, from Amarok or XMMS on Linux to iTunes and foobar2000 on Windows. If you're not the best at setting status messages, a simple plug-in like MusicTracker is a fun and simple way to keep that status set and changing so you're not "out to lunch" for weeks on end.

Optimized hardisk with hdparam

From : http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-16360.html

let’s say that you open up a Root Terminal and issue the hdparm command:

hdparm -h

You should see a list of commands that you can issue.

The first two commands that you want to look at are

hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -I /dev/hda
hdparm -i /dev/hda1
hdparm -I /dev/hda1


Now let’s day that your dma is set to off and you wish to set it to on. Then you’d hdparm -d1 /dev/hda
But if you wish to make it so that that setting is set during bootup, you know that we will have to gedit /etc/hdparm.conf.

So, open up a Root Terminal, cd over to /etc and sudo gedit hdparm.conf
Go to the end of the file and highlight & copy

#/dev/hda {
# mult_sect_io = 16
# write_cache = off
# dma = on
#}

Now right click / paste it at the very end of the file (after starting a new line after hitting carriage return).

Now remove the # from the front of all those new lines you’ve copied from the end of YOUR file.

This is where you’ll be making all your changes.

You would first make sure that your setting a command in the Root Terminal will work.

So let’s say that when I did a hdparm /dev/hda command I got back

/dev/hda:
multcount = 0 (off)
IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit)
unmaskirq = 0 (off)
using_dma = 0 (off)
keepsettings = 0 (off)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 58168/16/63, sectors = 58633344, start = 0

So I give this command hdparm -d1 -m1 /dev/hda
Now when I hdparm /dev/hda I get

/dev/hda:
setting multcount to 1
multcount = 1 (on)
setting dma to 1
dma = 1 (on)

So I would now modify my hdparm.conf to read

/dev/hda {
mult_sect_io = 32
dma = on
}

save it and reboot.

Please note that these are commands in a mock up. In no way do I endorse your putting in mult_sect_io = 32 if your HD cannot support it. The same would go for all the other commands.

Since all you want to do is set DMA, you’d

/dev/hda {
dma = on
}

But before rebooting I would hdparm /dev/hda. This is what it looks like now (after issuing an hdparm -c1 -d1 -m1 /dev/hda command:

/dev/hda:
multcount = 1 (on)
IO_support = 1 (32-bit)
unmaskirq = 0 (off)
using_dma = 1 (on)
keepsettings = 0 (off)
readonly = 0 (off)
readahead = 256 (on)
geometry = 58168/16/63, sectors = 58633344, start = 0

You should see some new messages regarding hdparm when it is booting up.

Just be careful when playing around with the ATA settings. The numbers don’t quite go the way you’d expect.

Now, you’ll want to test all your settings before ever touching /etc/hdparm.conf.
The commands to do that are:

hdparm -t /dev/hda
hdparm -T /dev/hda

But just testing /dev/hda is really testing just the channel and not the drive itself.

So you should really be saying

hdparm -t /dev/hda1
hdparm -T /dev/hda1

for example.

(I think this may work. I’ve never had to use it to set individual drive settings. And I doubt that you could turn on DMA for just one drive on a chain as the DMA setting affects the controller which will in turn affect each individual drive. But it may give you different test results when testing a drive; at least it did me.)

/dev/hda1 {
dma = on
}

So my advice is:

Issue a ’set’ command in a Root Terminal.
Run a -i, -I, -t and -T test.
Only then commit the changes to /etc/hdparm.conf and reboot.

As always, it is best if you make a backup of all your precious data onto a CDR before making radical changes. And always have your Ubuntu Live CD at the ready.

From /etc/hdparm.conf:
Note that if the init script causes boot problems, you can pass ‘nohdparm’ on the kernel command line, and the script will not be run.

Install Ubuntu 8.04 On MSI Wind Notebook

I have MSI Wind notebook, I try to install ubuntu on it, but alway hang at installation. After googling, i find the answer from http://wiki.msiwind.net/index.php/Ubuntu_8.04_Hardy_Heron

Thanks a lot for your tutorial

Installation Procedure:
Option 1: Install with Wubi Ubuntu Installer

The easiest installation option for Windows versions of the Wind/Advent 4211 is to use the Wubi Ubuntu installer directly from Windows. This will allow you to try out Ubuntu without partitioning your hard drive. HowtoForge.com has written a detailed tutorial for using Wubi.

To then upgrade your Wubi install to a standard Ubuntu system, use the Loopmounted Virtual Partition Manager (LVPM). LVPM allows you to transfer all the data, settings, and applications from your original Wubi install to a dedicated partition. LVPM can be found in Ubuntu under: Applications => System Tools

If, after using LVPM, you get a can’t mount partition error, then you will need to edit grub. The LPVM installation has worked, grub just needs to be set to use the correct partiion.

Firstly, to fix grub temporarily so you can get into Ubuntu: Reboot the machine, wait till the menu comes up giving you the list of boot options, make sure the top item is selected, (Ubuntu 8.04.1, kernel 2.6.24-19-generic) then hit e to edit the item.

This will give you an edit screen and stop the boot countdown.

There should be three lines on the screen. Scroll down to the line that says:

root ()/ubuntu/disks

and change it to:

root (hd0,X)

X should be the partition number you transferred Ubuntu to using LVPM minus 1.

e.g. In my case I transferred Ubuntu to sda5, so my line read root (hd0,4)

Once this line is edited, hit Enter to accept the editing, then b to boot.

Ubuntu should now boot up. You can make the changes permanent to fix your boot forever, by making the same changes in /boot/grub/menu.lst

Option 2: Install With Ubuntu 8.04.1 Desktop CD (GUI)

A second installation option is to use an Ubuntu installation CD (or USB Pen Drive).

Note: With the release of Ubuntu Hardy Heron 8.04.1, it appears that earlier problems installing with the Ubuntu GUI installer have been resolved. If, however, you would prefer to install Ubuntu using a text interface installer, use the “Install with Alternate Desktop CD” instructions in the next section below.

1. Download Hardy Heron 8.04.1 (PC (Intelx86) desktop CD) from here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04.1/ (Tested and confirmed to work by Malarcy in this forum thread).
2. Burn the “ubuntu-8.04.1-desktop-i386.iso” image to a CD.
3. Optional: You can install Ubuntu on the Wind/Advent 4211 using a USB Pen Drive. To create a bootable live USB Pen Drive, use UNetbootin - The Universal Netbbot Installer OR follow the instructions for creating a Persistent Ubuntu 8.04 USB Pen Drive at PenDriveLinux.com.
4. Boot system with F11 pressed and the install media (External USB CD-ROM or USB Pen Drive) connected. When prompted, select the drive containing your Ubuntu 8.04.1 .iso image.
5. Click on the “Install” icon on the Live Desktop.
6. Optional - Manually Partition Hard Drive: While allowing the Ubuntu Installer to automatically partition your hard drive during installation is acceptable, it can be beneficial to manually edit your partition table. Before getting started, it is recommended that you first review each of the 9 steps below. For additional information about partitioning your hard drive, you may also want to reference this guide.
1. During installation, choose “Manually edit partition table.”
2. Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
3. Select “Size” and press Enter.
4. Select “Yes” and press Enter.
5. Type a new size in Gigabytes for your partition. On the Wind/Advent 4211, it’s recommended you free up AT LEAST 15 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install (see number 8 below for more info/suggestions on partition sizing). Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
6. Create a “swap” partition. It should be 1-2 times the amount of RAM you have (1000-2000MB). Swap helps with memory management and multi-tasking–you can read more about swap partitions (also called “Paging”) here.
7. Create a root “/” partition (Ext3) for your Ubuntu installation (5-10GB). This will be where the Ubuntu OS and applications live.
8. Create a “/home” partition (Ext3) for your user files (this should be at least 5-10GB though you could opt to make it bigger–keep reading for more info). Creating a “/home” partition will allow you to reinstall Ubuntu and/or do a clean install (instead of an upgrade) when a new version of Ubuntu comes along. One option when sizing this partition is to make “/home” serve as a shared partition between Ubuntu and Windows. To later read and write to this Ext3 partition from Windows, simply install Ext2 Installable File System for Windows.
9. Select “Finish partitioning and write changes to disk”.

Note: If you opted to install Ubuntu with a USB Pen Drive, afterwards you will need to edit /etc/fstab and make sure that /media/cdrom0 points to the CD drive and not to the USB stick.

Open /etc/fstab for editing:

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Find a line like this (usually the last line): /dev/sdXX /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0

and comment it out by placing a # at the beginning (or simply delete it).

wxDownload Fast

rDownload is important things when we surve the web. Download small file is easy, but if we want download big file which need oe, two hours or more than one day. Its difficult to do if we use slow internet connection whic always have broken connection.

But its more easy now with wxDownload Fast, wxDownload Fast (also known as wxDFast) is an open source download manager. It is multi-platform and builds on Windows(2k,XP), Linux and Mac OS X(binary still not available). Besides that, it is a multi-threaded download manager. This means that it can split a file into several pieces and download the pieces simultaneously.

Created in C++ using the wxWidgets(wxWindows) library.

Features

  • Faster downloads (with Segmented/Multi-threaded/Accelerated transfers)
  • Download resuming (Pause and restart where you stopped)
  • Download scheduling
  • Organizes files you have already downloaded
  • View server messages (HTTP, FTP, file://). No HTTPS support.
  • Available in multiple languages and easily translated. Now available in Portuguese [Brazil], Spanish, English, German, Russian, Hungarian, Armenian, Indonesian and Dutch
  • Connection to HTTP/FTP servers which require a password
  • Calculates the MD5/SHA1 checksum of downloaded files so they can be easily verified
  • Metalink support
  • Firefox integration through FlashGot
  • Can be used as a portable download manager (Windows only)
  • Can be used over proxy servers(HTTP proxy support)

All this Ubuntu packages are available in http://www.getdeb.net/

Thursday, October 23, 2008

System Information Use Sysinfo

Sysinfo is a GTK2 based program which can display the following computer/system information:

- General information: Kernel version, Distribution release,Hostname/domainname, some important software versions.
- CPU information: Name/vendor, Frequency, L2 Cache, model/family/stepping.
- Memory information: Total, Free, Cached, Active/inactive, Swap.
- IDE information: Disks CD/DVD-roms, Model, Capacity, Cache.
- Filesystem information: Filesystem disk space usage(mounted partitions).
- Hardware information: Motherboard chipset, IDE interface, VGA contoller,
Multimedia controllers(sound cards), Ethernet cards.
- USB information: USB controllers.
- NVIDIA information: Graphic card model, AGP rate, Fast writes/SBA, Driver
version. (accelerated linux driver needed)
- Other information: Sound card details, Input devices, Screen resolution.

Install sysinfo in Ubuntu

Install sysinfo using the following command

sudo aptitude install sysinfo

This will complete the installation.

Using Sysinfo

If yo want to open go to Applications—>System Tools—>Sysinfo

Thanks for ubuntu geek

XFE - Windows Explorer Like

Using nautilus for managing or exploring files in hardisk, its commonly use when we use gnome.

Usual use windows explorer when using windows? Linux could too like windows, use xfe for bringing windows explorer in linux environment.For using this software, you could downloaded it from http://roland65.free.fr. but this file depend on library FOX, so you have to download libfox.

After download installed it from terminal :
sudo dpkg -i xfe
sudo dpkg -i libfox

Gotcha, now you could manage and browsing file like you browse in windows using windows explorer

Google Gadgets

Google gadgets is a platform for showing many desktop gadget type in linux. This aplication compatible with many gadget which write for google desktop for windows.

This application could be downloaded at http://code.google.com/p/google-gadgets-for-linux

File dependencies could be install from ubuntu main server:
sudo apt-get install libdbus-1-dev libmozjs-dev libxul0d libnspr4-dev libmozjs0d

TIGER - Report System Security Vulnerability

TIGER, or the ‘tiger’ scripts, is a set of Bourne shell scripts, C programs and data files which are used to perform a security audit of UNIX systems. TIGER has one primary goal: report ways ‘root’ can be compromised.
Debian’s TIGER incorporates new checks primarily oriented towards Debian distribution including: md5sums checks of installed files, location of files not belonging to packages, check of security advisories and analysis of local listening processes.
Install application :
sudo apt-get install tiger

Running tiger from commands :
tiger

Result :

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto# tiger
Tiger UN*X security checking system
Developed by Texas A&M University, 1994
Updated by the Advanced Research Corporation, 1999-2002
Further updated by Javier Fernandez-Sanguino, 2001-2007
Covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL)

Configuring…

Will try to check using config for ‘i686′ running Linux 2.6.24-16-generic…
–CONFIG– [con005c] Using configuration files for Linux 2.6.24-16-generic. Using
configuration files for generic Linux 2.
Tiger security scripts *** 3.2.2, 2007.08.28.00.00 ***
16:13> Beginning security report for hardy.
16:13> Starting file systems scans in background…
16:13> Checking password files…
16:13> Checking group files…
16:13> Checking user accounts…
16:13> Checking .rhosts files…
16:13> Checking .netrc files…
16:13> Checking ttytab, securetty, and login configuration files…
16:13> Checking PATH settings…
16:13> Checking anonymous ftp setup…
16:13> Checking mail aliases…
16:13> Checking cron entries…
16:13> Checking ’services’ configuration…
16:13> Checking NFS export entries…
16:13> Checking permissions and ownership of system files…
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ’securityfs’ used by ’securityfs’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ‘fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon’ used by ‘gvfs-fuse-daemon’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ‘fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon’ used by ‘gvfs-fuse-daemon’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
16:13> Checking for indications of break-in…
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ’securityfs’ used by ’securityfs’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ‘fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon’ used by ‘gvfs-fuse-daemon’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
–CONFIG– [con010c] Filesystem ‘fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon’ used by ‘gvfs-fuse-daemon’ is not recognised as a local filesystem
16:13> Performing rootkit checks…
16:13> Performing system specific checks…
16:22> Performing root directory checks…
16:22> Checking for secure backup devices…
16:22> Checking for the presence of log files…
16:22> Checking for the setting of user’s umask…
16:22> Checking for listening processes…
16:22> Checking SSHD’s configuration…
16:22> Checking the printers control file…
16:22> Checking ftpusers configuration…
16:22> Checking NTP configuration…
16:22> Waiting for filesystems scans to complete…
16:22> Filesystems scans completed…
16:22> Performing check of embedded pathnames…
16:22> Security report completed for hardy.
Security report is in `/var/log/tiger/security.report.hardy.080730-16:13′.

The log contents :
Security scripts *** 3.2.2, 2007.08.28.00.00 ***
Wed Jul 30 16:13:16 WIT 2008
16:13> Beginning security report for hardy (i686 Linux 2.6.24-16-generic).

# Performing check of passwd files…
# Checking entries from /etc/passwd.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (backup) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (bin) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (daemon) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (games) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (gnats) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (irc) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (libuuid) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (list) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (lp) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (mail) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (man) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (news) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (nobody) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (proxy) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass015w] Login ID sync does not have a valid shell (/bin/sync).
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (sys) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (uucp) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass014w] Login (www-data) is disabled, but has a valid shell.
–WARN– [pass012w] Home directory /nonexistent exists multiple times (2) in
/etc/passwd.
–WARN– [pass006w] Integrity of password files questionable (/usr/sbin/pwck
-r).

# Performing check of group files…

# Performing check of user accounts…
# Checking accounts from /etc/passwd.
–WARN– [acc021w] Login ID avahi-autoipd appears to be a dormant account.
–WARN– [acc006w] Login ID gdm’s home directory (/var/lib/gdm) has group
`gdm’ write access.
–WARN– [acc021w] Login ID libuuid appears to be a dormant account.
–WARN– [acc022w] Login ID nobody home directory (/nonexistent) is not
accessible.

# Performing check of /etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts files…
….
….
etc

Add New OS in GRUB

We assume, we have a machine which alreday installed windows or macintosh. If we have windows and install linux, in OS menu list when we booting, windows already there. But for macintosh, mac not shows in menu list. So to shows mac in menu list we have add it to the menu.lst.

As we know, for primary partition we can make only 4 partition, from hd0 - hd3, and for secondary we can make more than 4.

Assume, our mac is in partition 1 (primary) and linux in partition 2 (primary).

Edit menu list from terminal:
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto# nano /boot/grub/menu.lst

…………configuration already exist
title Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24-16-generic root=UUID=cadd2657-226c-45cc-90$
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.24-16-generic
quiet

### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
…………add in this section for mac OS

title MAC Leopard
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

Gotcha, when we reboot, the menu will be appear, when we press “esc” button.

Creating, Moving, Renaming and Deleting Files and Directories

1. Creating new directories using “mkdir”
Pronounce the mkdir command as “make dir”

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# mkdir NEWDIR
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# ls
NEWDIR

If you try to create a directory with name has already been used, it will shows
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# mkdir NEWDIR
mkdir: cannot create directory `NEWDIR’: File exists

2. Copying files to new locations using “cp” and “mv”
Pronounce cp as “sea pea”, similarly, pronounce mv as “em vee”, but when you speak of moving a file, say “move”

Copy files “
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/NEWDIR# cp login login.copy
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/NEWDIR# ls -ld login login.copy
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 20 2008-07-29 11:43 login
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 20 2008-07-29 11:43 login.copy

Copy Folder
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# cp NEWDIR NEWDIR01
cp: omitting directory `NEWDIR’

Note : Generally, UNIX won’t permit to use the cp command to copy directories

Not as “cp” where leaves the original file intact, making sort of electronic equivalent of a photocopy of a paper, “mv” physically relocates them from the old directory to the new

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# mv login /home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# mv TEST01 /home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents# cd TEST/
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# ls
login TEST01

3. Renaming files with mv
“mv” command, whic, in essence, moves the old name to the new name. It’s a bit confusing, but it works

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# ls
login TEST01
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# mv login test
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# ls
test TEST01
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST#

4. Removing directories with rmdir

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# rmdir TEST01
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# ls
test

5. Removing Files Using rm

root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# rm test
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST# ls
root@hardy:/home/bearisusanto/Documents/TEST#

Wednesday, October 22, 2008

FileZilla

FileZilla Client is a fast and reliable cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots of useful features and an intuitive interface.

Install FileZilla :

sudo apt-get install filezilla

Connecting filezilla to ftp server:

1. Applications -> Internet -> FileZilla FTP Client

2. Fill

Host : ftp…..com

Username = xxxx

Password = xxxx

Port = 21

Quickconnect

ALIEN

Alien is a program that converts between Red Hat rpm, Debian deb, Stampede slp, Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats.

1. Get alien package
sudo apt-get install alien
2. Convert the package.rpm into package.deb
alien –to-deb package.rpm
3. Convert the package.deb into package.deb
alien –to-rpm package.deb

Modify Root Access

When we install ubuntu from LiveCD, root account looks like dissable. We cant login with root account, just could login with user only.

When we want install program or application from terminal we have used sudo. Its not a problem if we just used ubuntu for home application but when we want develop, its tired to type sudo again sudo again.

In this section I just want to share to make root active.

1. Open Accessories -> Terminal

2. sudo passwd

3. Type new password for root

4. If we want to be root we just type”su” -> enter the root password

5. Now we are being root, no need type sudo went we want doing something which just only root granted to do

Ex : bearisusanto@akmakoe:~$ su
Password:
root@akmakoe:/home/bearisusanto#

Activated root at user login

1. System -> Administration -> Login Window

2. At security tab, enable “Allow Local Administrator Login”

Monday, October 20, 2008

Avant Window Manager

Avant Window Navgator (Awn) is a dock-like bar which sits at the bottom of the screen (in all its composited-goodness) tracking open windows. Takes MAC look in ubuntu.

Awn uses libwnck to keep a track of open windows, and behaves exactly like a normal window-list :

* Clicking an icon switches to that window, clicking again will minimise the window
* Right-clicking will bring up a menu exactly like that of what you see on the window-list, allowing you to max, min, close, resize etc the window.
* Dragging something on top of an icon will activate that window.
* Visually (and quite attractively) responds to ‘needs attention’ & ‘urgent’ events
* Can show windows from the entire viewport, or just the visible viewport.

Installing and configure avant windows manager:

1. sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator

2. Applications -> Accessories -> Avant Window Manager

3. Will show dock on the bottom of display

4. Right click and choose Preferences

5. You can change icon look on the General, Bar Appearance, Glass Engine and Pattern Engine

6. Add new program launcher on the Launcher

Compiz

CCSM is a abbreviation from compiz config setting manager. It is a tool for configure compiz. It could downloaded from main server by using apt-get = ’sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager’

Now let’s start the settings manager:

1. System → Preferences → Advanced Desktop Effects Settings

2. Setting the cube
Enable the following plugins :
* Desktop Cube
* Rotate Cube - that is necessary to spin the cube
* Viewport Switcher (optional) - to change desktops with the mousewheel
* Cube Caps (optional) - use an images on top and bottom of the cube

3. Increase the number of the virtual desktops to 4
General Options → Desktop Size → Horizontal Virtual Size
For Vertical and number of desktop left at 1
Now we can rotate our desktop by pres [ctrl]+[alt]+[left arrow]/[right arrow]

4. Wobbly windows effects
* Enable Wobbly Windows
* At General → Map Effect and Focus effect choose Shiver
* Enable ‘Snap Inverted’ to prevent windows from adhering to screen edges

5. Scale effects
Use for look all windows which open in one display by moving the cursor on the corner of display/screen
Window Management -> Scale -> Bindings -> Initiate Window Picker

Google Desktop

Google desktop is a desktop search application that gives you easy access to information on your computer and from the web.

Desktop makes searching your own email, files, music, photos, and more as easy as searching the web with Google.

To install it you can get by downloaded it from ubuntu official main server using “apt-get install google-desktop-linux” or download from http://desktop.google.com/en/linux/download.html.

It will start automatically and appear at upper right corner and there is preferences menu to setup the configuration.

Sunday, October 19, 2008

WINE (Wine is Not Emulator)

Wine is used for emulate windows environment in Linux, so we can running windows base program from linux. It will create folder which act like drive c.

Install WINE

If we have binary package or repository cd :

1. Open terminal

Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

2. Open the directory which contain this binary

cd xxx(directory)

3. dpkg -i wine

Maybe it need binfmt-support install first

Install directly from main server

1. Make sure you connected to the internet

2. Open terminal

Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

3. apt-get install wine

Use WIne

Lets say we want to install windows program, ex winrar.exe

From terminal type sudo wine or wine

For running the program just type wine winrar or from Applications menu

Instal gnome-ppp

1. #apt-get install gnome-ppp

2. Open gnome ppp in Applications -> Internet -> Gnome PPP

3. Type username and password

4. Type phone number

5. Open Setup

6. Detect modem device

7. Open init string

8. Change init 2 with “AT&FW3+MS=V90,1,28800,33600,28800,56000″

9. Close setup configuration

10. Connect to the world

Friday, October 17, 2008

Howto reconfigure broken grub

When our grub is broken because of install new windows or our MBR is broken, so we can’t boot on linux.

To normalize grub we can do 2 ways, by using Live CD or we can enter into linux terminal.

For the first time we have to boot by live cd and next we have to do:
1. Open terminal
2. sudo grub
3. grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
(hd0,0)
4. grub> root (hd0,0)
5. grub> setup (hd0)
6. quit
7. Reboot

OS X-Like Widgets with Screenlets on Ubuntu (3rd Update)

KDE 4, Windows, and Mac OS all have some sort of desktop widgets. Your Ubuntu desktop can also, using Screenlets. This post will guide you through installing and using Screenlets on Ubuntu 7.10 and 8.04.

Installing Screenlets
You can keep up-to-date with the latest version of Screenlets by installing it through the repository.

Open your sources.list file to add the repository:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add this line to the end of the file (for Ubuntu 7.10):
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gilir/ubuntu gutsy main universe

Add this line to the end of the file (for Ubuntu 8.04):
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gilir/ubuntu hardy main universe

Save and close the text editor. Run this command to update apt:
sudo apt-get update

Install the Screenlets package:
sudo apt-get install screenlets

The package python-feedparser may also be required if it is not already installed:
sudo apt-get install python-feedparser

If starting the Screenlets Manager nags you that Gtkmozembed needs to be installed, some Screenlets may not work. Run this command to fix it:
sudo apt-get install python-gnome2-extras

Press y and enter to accept installing the package without verification.


Thursday, October 16, 2008

Setting Connexant Winmodem on Ubuntu 8.04

Step for installing winmodem on ubuntu hardy heron
1. sudo apt-get update
2. sudo apt-get install libc6-dev_2.5-0ubuntu14_i386.deb
3. sudo apt-get install build-essential linux
4. Download alsa driver :
wget http://www.linuxant.com/alsa-driver/alsa-driver-linuxant_1.0.16.1-1_all.deb
Install:
sudo dpkg -i alsa-driver-linuxant_1.0.16.1-1_all.deb
5. Download conexant hsf modem
wget http://www.linuxant.com/drivers/hsf/full/archive/hsfmodem-7.68.00.09full/hsfmodem_7.68.00.09full_i386.deb.zip
Unzip:
sudo unzip hsfmodem_7.68.00.09full_i386.deb.zip
Install :
sudo dpkg -i hsfmodem_7.68.00.09full_i386.deb
6. Download hsfpatch
Copy hsfpatch to /usr/lib/hsfmodem/
Goto /usr/lib/hsfmodem/ and execute hsptch with comand : ./hsfpatch
Use email and license key which generate by hsfpatch
Example :
email : tux@kernel.org
License key : BADCAFE4742B
7. sudo hsfconfig -license
Enter the email and key license which get from hsfpatch
The result:
Config for modem unit 0: /dev/ttySHSF0
Device instance: 0-HDA-14f15045:103c30b2-0
HW revision : SSD=34 LSD=0×22
HW profile name: hsfhda
Registration ID: E15A-8140-4FDE
License owner : tux@kernel.org
License key : BA-DC-AF-E4-74-2B
License status : free (14.4 kbps)
Current region : INDONESIA (T.35 code: 0054)

8. If the license status is still free, do this step
- sudo hsfconfig
- Enter, if request : use the current, email, and license key
Result :
Config for modem unit 0: /dev/ttySHSF0
Device instance: 0-HDA-14f15045:103c30b2-0
HW revision : SSD=34 LSD=0×22
HW profile name: hsfhda
Registration ID: E15A-8140-4FDE
License owner : tux@kernel.org
License key : BA-DC-AF-E4-74-2B
License status : OK
Current region : INDONESIA (T.35 code: 0054)
9. Edit the init in /etc/wvdial.conf
init=AT&FW3+MS=V90,1,28800,33600,28800,56000
10. Connect to the internet is succesfully

VMware Virtual Machine on Ubuntu 8.04

unning other OS on ubuntu is a great moment. We could use virtualbox ose, xen or use vmware. I think vmware is more interesting because it doesnt need special linux-header like xen or virtualbox. You could get vmware server freely from its website and you could request serial number freely too.

Step for installing and using vmware :
1. Download the file Vmware-server-1.0.6-91891.tar.gz which size is 102MB from vmware website.
2. Request free serial number from vmware too.
3. Open the folder which contain the vmware and extract it or open terminal and extract it by type sudo tar -xvf Vmware-server-1.0.6-91891.tar.gz
4. cd vmware-server-distrib (folder which contain file extract)
5. ./vmware-install.pl
6. Follow all installer command until finish
7. Run vmware from root
root@hardy:/# vmware

Note :
When you see this message :
/usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libgcc_s.so.1/libgcc_s.so.1:version 'GCC_3.4' not found (required by /usr/lib/libcairo.so.2)
.........
.........
Remove the folder libgcc_s.so.1 on /usr/lib/vmware/lib

8. From the first windows choose Localhost
9. Goto 'Help' and choose 'Enter Serial Number'
10. Without serial number, you can not running virtualization
11. Click “Create a new virtual machine”
12. Select “Typical” on Virtual Machine Configuration
13. Choose guest operating system
14. Define the virtual machine name and location
15. Choose network connection
16. Specify disk size
17. Finish
18. Now you could install the new operating system

Sunday, October 12, 2008

LISTING FILES

• "ls" command
- Linux command used to list the files in a given directory
- Most common method for displaying files
- Displays all the files in the current directory in columnar format

• "ll" command
- Alias for the ls -l command
- Gives a long file listing

• File command
-Linux command that displays the file type of a specified filename

• Text file
- File that stores information in a readable text format
• Some filenames inside each user’s home directory represent important configuration
files or program directories
• Hidden files
– Files that are not normally displayed to the user via
common filesystem commands

List option :
-a or --all = list all filenames
-A or --almost-all = List most filenames (excludes the . and .. special files)
-C = lists filenames in column format
--color=n = list filenames without sorting
-f = lists all filenames without sorting
-F or --classify = lists filenames classified by file type
--full-time = lists filenames in long format and displays the full modification time
-l = lists filenames in long format
-lh or -l --human-readable = lists filenames in long format with human-readable (easy-to-read)
-lG or -l --no-group or -o = lists filenames in long format but omits the group information
-r or --reverse = list filenames reverse sorted
-R or --recursive = lists filenames in the specified directory and all subdirectories
-s = lists filenames and their associated size in kilobytes (K)
-S = lists filenames sorted by file size
-t = lists filenames sorted by modification time
-U = lists filenames without sorting
-x = lists filenames in rows rather than in columns

Saturday, October 11, 2008

Adobe Acrobat Reader

Pdf is the most popular document now. Its simply, light and compatible with many system.

Ubuntu has default pdf reader when we installed it, but adobe acrobat is the most popular reader.

Now, its shows how to install it in ubuntu.

1. Open terminal

2. sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list

3. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update

4. sudo apt-get install acroread

Finding Files

You now know what each major directory holds, but it still doesn’t really help you find things. I mean, you could go looking through directories, but there are quicker ways. There are four main file search commands.

which
The first is the which(1) command. which is usually used to locate a program quickly. It just searches your PATH and returns the first instance it finds and the directory path to it. Take this example:

% which bash
/bin/bash

From that you see that bash is in the /bin directory. This is a very limited command for searching, since it only searches your PATH.

whereis
The whereis(1) command works similar to which, but can also search for man pages and source files. A whereis search for bash should return this:

% whereis bash
bash: /bin/bash /usr/bin/bash /usr/man/man1/bash.1.gz

This command not only told us where the actual program is located, but also where the online documentation is stored. Still, this command is limited. What if you wanted to search for a specific configuration file? You can’t use which or whereis for that.

find
The find(1) command allows the user to search the filesystem with a rich collection of search predicates. Users may specify a search with filename wildcards, ranges of modification or creation times, or other advanced properties. For example, to search for the default xinitrc¤ FORMTEXT
file on the system, the following command could be used.

% find / -name xinitrc
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/xinitrc

find will take a while to run, since it has to traverse the entire root directory tree. And if this command is run as a normal user, there will be permission denied errormessages for directories that only root can see. But find found our file, so that’s good. If only it could be a bit faster...

slocate
The slocate(1) command searches the entire filesystem, just like the find command can do, but it searches a database instead of the actual filesystem. The database is set to automatically update every morning, so you have a somewhat fresh listing of files on your system. You can manually run updatedb(1) to update the slocate database (before running updatedb by hand, you must first su to the root user). Here’s an example of slocate in action:

% slocate xinitrc # we don’t have to go to the root
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/xinitrc
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/xinitrc.fvwm2
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/xinitrc.openwin
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/xinitrc.twm

We got more than what we were looking for, and quickly too.With these commands, you should be able to find whatever you’re looking for on your Linux system.

Installing VirtualBox in Ubuntu 8.04

Thanks to http://ulyssesonline.com/

Installing Virtual Box in Ubuntu should be an easy endeavor. I have come across several how-to documents that were confusing to say the least. This document will try to simplify the steps involved in installing Virtual Box in Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron. Ok, let’s get started.

1. First, determine the current Linux kernel you are using. Click on Applications > Accessories > Terminal. Type the command:

$ uname -a
Linux penelope 2.6.24-19-generic

The result shows I’m running the Linux 2.6.24-19 kernel.

2. Next, install Virtual Box using the apt-get command. Substitute your current Linux kernel for virtualbox-ose-modules-generic.

$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose virtualbox-ose-source
virtualbox-ose-modules-2.6.24-19-generic

3. Add yourself to the vboxusers group using one of the 3 commands. Choose only one command. I ran the first one.

sudo gpasswd -a `whoami` vboxusers
sudo usermod -Gvboxusers -a `whoami`
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

4. Log out of your desktop session by hitting CTRL-ALT-Backspace. When you log in, your group membership will be updated.

5. Congratulations. You have successfully installed Virtual Box.